A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) router is a computer-controlled cutting machine that carves, engraves, mill, and cuts wood, plastics, and non-ferrous metals. It operates on three or more axes (X, Y, and Z) to move a high-speed router spindle across a workpiece, following a path defined by a digital vector file. CNC routers are incredibly versatile and are used for creating complex 3D carvings, intricate inlays, precise joinery (like dovetails and mortise-and-tenon), and custom signage.
They bring digital design accuracy to woodworking, enabling mass customization and repeatable production of complex parts that would be nearly impossible to make by hand.